Valuing Climate Change Economics and Policy

Question: Discuss about the Valuing Climate Change Economics and Policy. Answer: Introduction: As per the first question, this question has focused to the mitigation of the green house gas, which is characterised as the public goods. This is also beneficial to identify the implication of the Green house gas. In this context, Pindyck (2013) mentioned that green house gas can trap the heat of the sun. As a result, the surface of the planet is getting warmer. Hence, the level of carbon dioxide has been increasing day by day and it is difficult for the people to survive freely in the earth. The emission of Green house gas has a negative externality on the earth. It can be discussed with the help of the concept of spillover cost. The concept of spill over cost is helpful to understand the amount of loss or damage. If the uses of carbon dioxide can be reduced, the green house gas can be reduced. In this connection, Government of Australia can impose tax on the consumption of fossil fuel in terms of generating of spill over costs. Therefore, this impose of taxation will rise the cost of production of the fossil fuel. According to Fankhauser (2013), higher the total cost, greater will be the true cost of the production as it considers the spill over costs in terms of pollution. The green house gas producers impose the costs on the earth as well as on the future generations. Nevertheless, the consumers do not positively suffer from the effect of this action. In order to discuss the role of the governments intervention to reduce the climatic change, Fankhauser (2013) stated that there are three rationale, which can be explained briefly in the following: 1. Government of Australia can evaluate the advantage and can compare with the help of cost in terms of cost benefit analysis. According to the cost benefit analysis, it aimed to the environmental protection in terms of the integral portion of the public policies. 2. On the other hand, the imposition of taxation on the consumption of the fossil fuel by government, the per unit fees is received by the countrys government. Government intervene to reduce the long term and negative change of the climate. 3. Moreover, as per the statement of Pindyck (2013), the concept of double dividend stated that it reflects to lowering down the emissions of GHG emissions in order to enhance the revenue for the government of Australia. The benefits of the carbon tax can be discussed briefly in the following: 1. According to Fankhauser (2013), carbon tax can reduce or internalise the indirect externality of the carbon emissions. As the imposition of tax on the price of the fossil fuel, the consumption and the uses of the fossil fuel may reduce. Fossil fuel is the reason of the emissions of the carbon dioxide. 2. In addition, imposition of tax on the fossil fuel may increase the consumption of the solar gases or the other natural gases, which do not emit carbon dioxide and hence, the level of green house gas will not be increased. Therefore, the producers of the nature gas will be beneficial. 3. Moreover, carbon tax also allows the other energy by considering the cost competitive compared to the cheaper fuels. In the words of Pindyck (2013), market based solution is important as it focused to provide the incentives to the polluters to decrease as well as avoid the indirect externalities. Market based solution is concern about the market failure due to the negative externalities. This can be occurred with the help of the incorporation of the external production cost. In addition, the consumption function in terms of taxation or by creation of the property rights can control the market from failure. Therefore, the market-based solution is differentiated from the concept of regulatory activities. However, Fankhauser (2013) argued that, most of the economists prefer the market based solution compared to the government intervention in order to reduce the effect of green house gas. In this respect, it can be mentioned that market based solution allow to fixed a higher level of pollution in turn it can achieve the minimum level of cost with the help of the innovative technological uses. Moreover, the efficiency of this type of solution is affected in terms of market liquidity, level of the property rights as well as the power of the existing market. In case of government intervention, it imposes tax on the consumption of fossil fuels. As a result, the reduction of the sale of fossil fuel decreases the profitability of the fossil fuel producers. References Fankhauser, S., 2013.Valuing climate change: the economics of the greenhouse. Routledge. Pindyck, R.S., 2013. Climate change policy: What do the models tell us?.Journal of Economic Literature,51(3), pp.860-872.

Macbeth Essays (541 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Witches The witches could foretell the future, they can add temptation, and influence Macbeth, but they could not control his destiny. Macbeth created his own misery when he kills people. This causes him to become insecure, because of the reasons for his actions, which in turn causes him to commit more murders. The witches give great enticement, but in the end, it's Macbeth's decision to fall for the temptation. The three Witches are only responsible for introducing the ideas to Macbeth, and putting the ideas in his head, but they are not responsible for his actions throughout the play. However it's more realistic to believe that Lady Macbeth, Macbeth's ambition, and his own responsibilities ended it for him, not the witches. Lady Macbeth is shown early as an ambitious woman who can manipulate Macbeth easily. This is shown in the line "That I may pour my spirits in thine ear"(I,V,26). She is selfless, and wants what is best for her husband. Before the speech that Lady Macbeth gives in act one scene five, Macbeth does not want to go through with the killing of the king. She manipulates Macbeth's self-esteem by playing on his manliness and his bravery. Macbeth has the final say in whether or not to go through with the killing, but he loves Lady Macbeth and wants to make her happy. Lady Macbeth is the dominating individual in the relationship. It seems that she can convince him to do anything as long as she pushes the right buttons. Macbeth's ambition is present before the witch's prophesies. He would never have thought seriously about killing Duncan without the witches. But the combination of his ambitious and the witch's prophecies leads him to kill the king. Lady Macbeth even says,"Thou wouldst be great/ Art not without ambition."(I,V,80-81). Macbeth also says, "his besetting sin: I have no spur/ To prick the sides of my intent, but only/ Vaulting ambition." Macbeth's ambition is shown while he waits to have a succession of kings after him. Macbeth has a lot of ambition in him and because of this, both the witches and Lady Macbeth are able to make him evil. It is this ambition that gets him into so much trouble not the witches. Once Macbeth kills for the first time, he has to cover up his wrong doings, or risk loosing everything he has worked so hard for. In the end, it all comes to Macbeth himself. Everyone is responsible for his own destiny. This is what I think the theme is in this tragedy. Macbeth chooses to gamble with his life and when he does this, it is only him who chooses to lose it. He is responsible for everything he does and must take responsibility for his actions. Macbeth is the one who made the final decision to carry out his actions. He made these final decisions and continued with the killings to cover the murder of King Duncan. The killing of Duncan starts an unstoppable chain of events in the play that ends with the murder of Macbeth and the suicide of Lady Macbeth. While the witches are not totally responsible for the actions of Macbeth, they are responsible for introducing the ideas to Macbeth. Macbeth's ambition led to the deadly chain of events. The witches never had any real power to affect the future in the play. It was Macbeth all along who ended it for himself.

The History of Color Television

The History of Color Television The earliest mention of color television was in a 1904 German patent for  a color television system. In 1925, Russian inventor Vladimir K.  Zworykin  also filed a patent disclosure for an all-electronic color television system. While both of these designs were not successful, they were the first documented proposals for color television. Sometime between 1946 and 1950, the research staff of RCA Laboratories invented  the worlds first electronic,  color television system.  A successful color television system based on a system designed by RCA began commercial broadcasting on December 17, 1953. RCA vs. CBS But before RCA, CBS researchers led by Peter Goldmark invented a mechanical color television system based on the 1928 designs of  John Logie Baird. The FCC authorized CBSs color television technology as the national standard in October of 1950.  However, the system at the time was bulky, picture quality was terrible, and the technology was not compatible with earlier black-and-white sets. CBS  began  color broadcasting on five east coast stations in June of 1951. However, RCA responded by suing to stop the public broadcasting of CBS-based systems. Making matters worse was that there were already 10.5 million black-and-white televisions (half RCA sets) that had been sold to the public and very few color sets. Color television production was also halted during the Korean War. With the many challenges, the CBS system failed. Those factors provided RCA with the time to design a better color television, which they based on Alfred Schroeders 1947 patent application for a technology called shadow mask CRT. Their system passed FCC approval in late 1953 and sales of RCA color televisions began in 1954. A Brief Timeline of Color Television Early color telecasts could be preserved only on the black-and-white  kinescope  process introduced in 1947.In 1956, NBC began using color film to time-delay and preserve some of its live color telecasts.  A company named Ampex  made a color videotape recorder in 1958 and  NBC used it to tape  An Evening With Fred Astaire,  the oldest surviving network color videotape.In 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower visited the NBC station in Washington, D.C. and gave a speech discussing the new technologys merits. His speech was recorded in color, and a copy of this videotape was given to the Library of Congress.NBC  made the first coast-to-coast color broadcast when it telecast the  Tournament of Roses Parade  on January 1, 1954.The  premiere of Walt Disneys Wonderful World of Color in  September  1961 created a turning point that persuaded consumers to go out and purchase color televisions.  Television broadcasting  stations and networks in most parts of the w orld upgraded from black-and-white TVs to color transmission in the 1960s and 1970s. By 1979, even the last of these had converted to color, and by the early 1980s, black-and-white sets were mostly small portable sets  or those used as video monitor screens in lower-cost consumer equipment. By the late 1980s, even these areas switched to color sets.

Death Lore Texas Rituals, Superstitions, and Legends of the Hereafter

Death Lore Texas Rituals, Superstitions, and Legends of the Hereafter Untiedt looks at some of the key aspects that encompass death, dying and other aspects. He affirms that death is familiar and universal to all societies in the world. Thus, this has ensured that there are tales, activities and even beliefs that involve death. These aspects cannot be separated from each other because they encompass uncertainty and anxiety.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Death Lore: Texas Rituals, Superstitions, and Legends of the Hereafter specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most people do not talk about death because it is perceived as a taboo. In fact, conversations avoid death aspects. Besides, it is a topic that fascinates all people in all societies. Although, writers have written on aspects of death, there are many aspects unknown to people. What does Death Lore entail? Therefore, fear, mystery and familiarity make death the focus of most folklore. This has seen the writing of many articles that try to address the issue of death. For instance, in Texas, publications on the same topic have facilitated folkloristic appreciation and understanding of the same. Besides, this is aimed at educating the people of their culture without interfering with values that are upheld in society. Hence, Death Lore encompasses a number of articles, recollections and other topics on death from other parts of the world (Untiedt, 1). Further, it links the same to the beliefs and values of the people of the state of Texas. Untiedt also explores the resting places of the dead people. For instance, he enlightens the people of Texas on the graveyards and all that go around them. Further, he looks at the challenges involved in cemetery space allocation. Besides, Untiedt brings out some of the bizarre wishes that are made by families of the dead people. What does death encompass? Moreover, the Untiedt highlights some of the death process and the ceremonies that follow thereafter. Besides, he addresses some rituals that are done for the dead. This is achieved through the use of narratives. He also incorporates the work of other authors such as Massingills and Oden to highlight the worth of death lore for the people in various societies. In fact, death Lore highlights different perspectives about death in various societies. Therefore, there is the likelihood of raising many questions rather than giving answers. It has not been able to address some of the aspects that encompass the Texas Death lore. For example, death has not been explored in the computer age (Untiedt, 288). However, this does not deter a person from appreciating all that has been done by authors like Ward and Rushing.Advertising Looking for article on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Is the research done in the field of Death Lore enough? What is more, there are gaps regarding the Texas Death lore. This has been intentionally left to facilit ate other researches on the same topic. This would also act, as a motivator, to ensure that people are involved in carrying out research. Furthermore, this will ensure that there is extra exploration in the field of death. Thus, there will be more sources with appropriate and valid data to be used than before. In summary, Untiedt’s literature highlights the relationship between the fascination and taboos regarding death. This forms the foundation for further research on issues of death. Therefore, it gives other authors a challenge that needs to be solved. In fact, his work encourages others to find anecdotal and analytic issues that underpin deaths in societies. Untiedt, Kenneth. â€Å"Death Lore: Texas Rituals, Superstitions, and Legends of the Hereafter.† Journal of American Folklore (2008): 288- 290. Print.

Roles and Responsibilities Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Roles and Responsibilities Paper - Essay Example nager, whose functions encompass planning, directing, organizing and controlling all security and safety personnel in the organization, the specific roles and responsibilities of these personnel mirror the general tasks of security and safety management. It is therefore objective of this paper to present the roles and responsibilities of a security and safety personnel in promoting and protecting the health, welfare, and assets of the organization as a whole. Security and safety personnel are enjoined to be vigilant in identifying, addressing and raising safety and security concerns to appropriate and authorized channels in the organization. Their ineptness in providing immediate action in detecting any kind of intrusion is of primary concern. Among their specific responsibilities are as follows: The role and responsibilities of security and safety personnel ensures the prevention of harm and damage to the resources of the organization. By monitoring all phases of the organization in terms of adherence to security and safety requirements, the overall health and welfare of the organization would be addressed. The organization has the basic responsibility of ensuring that safety and security needs of the personnel are being satisfied. This means their personnel should be free from physical and psychological harm, threat and deprivation. Aside from these, as systems and processes are also susceptible to other kinds of intrusion due to the onset of the internet, security management also has the task to monitor and immediately address these issues. In today’s world of advanced developments in technology, more sophisticated facilities and features on improving security and safety of personnel are available. The onset of biometrics technology provides organizations with options to update their security measures by upgrading their security system to incorporate biometrics. In cases like these, the role of security and safety personnel would definitely be affected.

Analyzing an article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyzing an article - Assignment Example It also compares why they make different decisions under comparable political environments. This concept applies to the case of Palestine and Israel. An analysis of the article reveals that the ‘Palestine’ effect has a negative impact on democracy in Israel. It is stated that this influence results in the erosion of skeptical intelligence, moral judgments as well as logical reasoning. Israel is the only Jewish state and has a relatively stable political and economic environment. However, the instability that is experienced in Palestine adversely impacts on Israel. Although the two countries have different political rules the citizens end up making similar decision owing to the ‘Palestine effect’. Furthermore, it can be observed that Palestine attacks Israel as a way of getting the world to sympathize with them. They attack and capture their soldiers knowing very well that Israel’s retaliatory attacks will affect innocent citizens and this gets the world on their side. It can therefore be concluded that the war between Palestine and Iraq has a negative impact on democracy in Israel (Smith 14). Isra el faces an ugly future lest it can a lasting peace

Arming Pilots Essay Example for Free

Arming Pilots Essay After the September 11th attacks on America’s homeland, citizens became aware that action must be taken to protect passengers and pilots from terrorists. Although strict security measures have been put in place at all American airports, the only way to be certain that another terrorist attack does not occur using commercial aircraft lies in arming pilots with handguns. Not only will arming pilots help act as a preventative measure, it will ensure safer air travel and restore faith in America’s main form of long distance travel. Even though the number of hijackings is minuscule compared to the number of flights, arming pilots would be a first line of deterrence and a last line of defense. Some people may argue that other means should be used to stop hijackers, but as is the case with any illegal activity, if a person wants to commit a crime they will find the means. Therefore, the only way to prevent aircraft hijackings is with the use of guns. One alternative way that has been suggested is arming pilots with tasers, electric shock probes. These are considered problematic by many experts and do not guarantee bringing down a hijacker. As Criminal Justice expert Michael Swedemen said, â€Å"Had the pilots on the ill-fated planes on September 11th had stun guns, they might have dropped one of the hijackers, but the remaining three or four still would have overpowered the plane† (Dougherty, 2002, January 22). Arming pilots would also aid airlines in recovering from the economic downfall that has plagued the industry since the attacks. With armed pilots, passengers would know they are safe from any possibility of a hijacking and the only thing that might cause catastrophic damage would be an unforeseen mechanical problem. Should hijackers be among the passengers they could easily be brought down with guns similar to that of a defiant criminal. Opponents have argued that a stray bullet might penetrate the fuselage or inadvertently hit an innocent passenger. The Air Line Pilot’s Association has called for arming pilots using special ammunition that can kill an attacker but not pierce the fuselage (Dougherty, 2002, January 22). Hitting an innocent passenger is a risk that must be taken. One innocent life lost is far better than the possible countless losses on the hijacked aircraft and immanent destruction resulting on the ground. If passengers know that hijackers cannot take control of the plane, millions of Americans would once again begin flying which would improve economic conditions in a hurting industry. Other questions lie in the ability and mental state of a pilot to carry weapons. Senator Bob Smith (R-N. H. said, â€Å"Commercial pilots are trusted with the lives of thousands of Americans every day, and with proper training they could †¦ protect our skies from future acts of terrorism† (Dougherty, 2002, March 19). Pilots are some of the most mentally, physically, and psychologically tested people with hand/eye coordination that is among the best in any profession. Issuing firearms to pilots would, in effect, be like issuing a gun to a police officer. A pilot should be able to defend his aircraft instead of being left defenseless. The second amendment to the Constitution guarantees the right to bear arms. As this is true for a homeowner to protect his family and himself, this should be true for pilots and their aircraft should they come under attack. Although the idea of using air marshals still exists, they are seen as being less effective. Along with ineffectiveness, the cost of placing an air marshal on every flight is unrealistic. A pilot who has undergone the proper training can perform the same task while being paid by the airlines, rather than spending taxpayer’s dollars (Shaw, 2001, September 19). As support for handguns in the cockpit grows, we must ask ourselves if four guns had been in the cockpit on September 11th would 3,000 people be dead, two 110 story buildings have been brought down, the Pentagon attacked, and a nation left in shock? Americans must realize that committed terrorists will be able to get past security, leaving pilots as the last line of defense. Along with pilots, many Americans feel these measures have to be taken in order to make the friendly skies, friendly again.